The images of Chechen paramilitaries fighting in alongside the Russian Army in Ukraine has raised the question of just how Russia was able to reassert control over Chechnya following its unilateral declaration of independence, in 1991. For almost a decade and a half Moscow fought two brutal conflicts in the North Caucasus as it sought to secure its sovereignty over the Chechen Republic. So, just how did it manage to retake its rebel republic? And just how loyal is it likely to remain?
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How do countries that fought against a breakaway territory reassert their sovereignty? And can that territory every truly accept a return to the control of the 'parent' state? One of the most interesting examples in modern international relations centres on the Russian Federation and Chechnya. In 1991, as the Soviet Union collapsed, Chechnya declared independence as the Chechen Republic of Ikcheria. While ignored at first, by late 1994 Moscow could no longer ignore the challenge to its authority and it invaded. However, the conflict - now known as the First Chechen War - was a disaster. Facing stiff opposition, Russia levelled the republics capital, Grozny. In 1997, Russia and Chechnya signed a peace agreement. However, just two years later, in 1999, Vladimir Putin, the new prime minister of Russia ordered troops back in. This time Moscow was more successful. In 2009, the Second Chechen War came to an end. Since then, Russia's sovereignty is unquestioned. This is due to the successful relationship Putin has established with the Chechen leader, Ramzan Kadyrov, who now exerts complete control over Chechnia. And it's this relationship that has seen Chechen forces fighting alongside the Russian Army in Ukraine. But just how secure is this relationship?
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:37 Chechnya and Russian Sovereignty
2:01 Chechnya: Background Information
2:47 Chechnya in Russia: A Brief History
4:36 The First Chechen War, 1994-1997
6:36 The Second Chechen War, 1999-2009
8:53 How Russia Retook Chechnya
10:59 Will Chechnya Remain Loyal?
12:10 How Russia Retook Chechnya
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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES
Chechen Government https://chechnya.gov.ru
Russian Government http://en.kremlin.ru/
Russia-Chechnya Peace Agreement (1997) https://peaceadmin.languageofpeace.org/v2/agreement/11/pdf
Chechen Constitution 2003 https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2003)007-eLINK
Russia’s Wars in Chechnya 1994–2009 https://amzn.to/3jF7tDN
Chechnya: From Past to Future https://amzn.to/3Eflx0u
Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus https://amzn.to/3jIl5hD
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KEYWORDS
#Russia #Chechnya #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#Kadyrov #Putin #Ukraine
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